1.5 RGB Light Effects
=========================
Now let's explore RGB LEDs! An RGB LED contains three tiny LEDs (Red, Green, Blue) in one package. By mixing different brightness levels of these three colors, we can create millions of different colors.

Random Color Light
-----------------------
In this project, we'll make an RGB LED automatically change to random colors, creating a colorful light show!

Component List
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- Raspberry Pi Pico W x1
- 830 Tie-Points Breadboard x1
- LED-RGB x1
- Resistor 220Ω x3
- Jumper Wire Several

We use **PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)** to control brightness:
- **GP13** controls the Red LED
- **GP14** controls the Green LED 
- **GP15** controls the Blue LED

By changing the PWM values (0-255), we can mix different amounts of red, green, and blue light to create any color we want!

Component knowledge
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
:ref:`RGB-LED <cpn_rgb_led>`
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

Connect
^^^^^^^^^
.. image:: img/3.connect/1.5.png

Code
^^^^^^^
.. note::

    * Open the ``1.5_rgb_light_effects1.py`` file under the path of ``Ultimate-Starter-Kit-for-Pico-W\Python\1.Project`` or copy this code into Thonny, then click "Run Current Script" or simply press F5 to run it.

    * Don't forget to click on the "MicroPython (Raspberry Pi Pico)" interpreter in the bottom right corner. 
  
**RandomColorLight**

After running the code, the RGB LED will continuously change colors randomly, creating a beautiful rainbow effect. 

The following is the program code:

.. code-block:: python

    from machine import Pin, PWM
    from random import randint
    import time

    pins = [13, 14, 15]

    pwm0 = PWM(Pin(pins[0]), freq=10000)
    pwm1 = PWM(Pin(pins[1]), freq=10000)
    pwm2 = PWM(Pin(pins[2]), freq=10000)

    def map_value(x, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max):
        return int((x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min)

    def setColor(r, g, b):
        pwm0.duty_u16(65535 - map_value(r, 0, 1023, 0, 65535))
        pwm1.duty_u16(65535 - map_value(g, 0, 1023, 0, 65535))
        pwm2.duty_u16(65535 - map_value(b, 0, 1023, 0, 65535))

    try:
        while True:
            red = randint(0, 1023)
            green = randint(0, 1023)
            blue = randint(0, 1023)
            setColor(red, green, blue)
            time.sleep_ms(200)
            
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pwm0.deinit()
        pwm1.deinit()
        pwm2.deinit()

Phenomenon
^^^^^^^^^^^
.. video:: img/5.phenomenon/1.5-1.mp4
    :width: 100%

Gradient Color Light
-----------------------
Now let's create **smooth color transitions** instead of random jumps! This project uses a **color wheel algorithm** to create flowing rainbow effects - like a sunset that never ends.

**The magic:** Instead of random colors, we follow the natural color spectrum (Red → Orange → Yellow → Green → Cyan → Blue → Purple → Red). The transitions are so smooth you'll see every color blend seamlessly into the next.

.. 1.5-2.png
    
After running the code, watch the RGB LED create a mesmerizing **continuous rainbow cycle**! Each color flows smoothly into the next over 4 seconds (256 steps × 15ms), creating a hypnotic color-changing effect perfect for mood lighting or decoration.

Code
^^^^^^^
.. note::

    * Open the ``1.5_rgb_light_effects2.py`` file under the path of ``Ultimate-Starter-Kit-for-Pico-W\Python\1.Project`` or copy this code into Thonny, then click "Run Current Script" or simply press F5 to run it.

    * Don't forget to click on the "MicroPython (Raspberry Pi Pico)" interpreter in the bottom right corner. 
  
**Gradient Color Light**

The following is the program code:

.. code-block:: python

    from machine import Pin, PWM
    import time

    pins = [13,14,15]

    pwm0 = PWM(Pin(pins[0]), freq=1000)
    pwm1 = PWM(Pin(pins[1]), freq=1000)
    pwm2 = PWM(Pin(pins[2]), freq=1000)

    red = 0
    green = 0
    blue = 0

    def map_value(x, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max):
        return int((x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min)

    def setColor():
        pwm0.duty_u16(map_value(red, 0, 255, 0, 65535))
        pwm1.duty_u16(map_value(green, 0, 255, 0, 65535))
        pwm2.duty_u16(map_value(blue, 0, 255, 0, 65535))

    def wheel(pos):
        global red, green, blue
        WheelPos = pos % 256
        
        if WheelPos < 85:
            red = 255 - WheelPos * 3
            green = WheelPos * 3
            blue = 0
        elif WheelPos < 170:
            WheelPos -= 85
            red = 0
            green = 255 - WheelPos * 3
            blue = WheelPos * 3
        else:
            WheelPos -= 170
            red = WheelPos * 3
            green = 0
            blue = 255 - WheelPos * 3
        
        red = max(0, min(255, red))
        green = max(0, min(255, green))
        blue = max(0, min(255, blue))

    try:
        while True:
            for i in range(0, 256):
                wheel(i)
                setColor()
                time.sleep_ms(15)

                
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pwm0.deinit()
        pwm1.deinit()
        pwm2.deinit()

Phenomenon
^^^^^^^^^^^
.. video:: img/5.phenomenon/1.5-2.mp4
    :width: 100%